Exclamation mark

Bash builtin to substitute with a command found in history. More information: https://gnu.org/software/bash/manual/bash.html#Event-Designators.

• Substitute with the previous command and run it with sudo:

sudo !!

• Substitute with a command based on its line number found with history:

!number

• Substitute with a command that was used a specified number of lines back:

!-number

• Substitute with the most recent command that starts with a string:

!string

• Substitute with the arguments of the latest command:

command !*

• Substitute with the last argument of the latest command:

command !$

• Substitute with the last command but without the last argument:

!:-

• Print last command that starts with a string without executing it:

!string:p