chmod

Change the access permissions of a file or directory. More information: https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/chmod.

• Give the user who owns a file the right to execute it:

chmod u+x path/to/file

• Give the user rights to read and write to a file/directory:

chmod u+rw path/to/file_or_directory

• Remove executable rights from the group:

chmod g-x path/to/file

• Give all users rights to read and execute:

chmod a+rx path/to/file

• Give others (not in the file owner’s group) the same rights as the group:

chmod o=g path/to/file

• Remove all rights from others:

chmod o= path/to/file

• Change permissions recursively giving group and others the ability to write:

chmod -R g+w,o+w path/to/directory

• Recursively give all users read permissions to files and eXecute permissions to sub-directories within a directory:

chmod -R a+rX path/to/directory