Advanced ping utility which supports protocols such TCP, UDP, and raw IP. Best run with elevated privileges. More information: https://github.com/antirez/hping.
hping3 --icmp --count 4 ip_or_hostname
hping3 --udp --destport 80 --syn ip_or_hostname
hping3 --verbose --syn --destport 80 --baseport 5090 ip_or_hostname
hping3 --traceroute --verbose --syn --destport 80 ip_or_hostname
hping3 --scan 80,3000,9000 --syn ip_or_hostname
hping3 --count 2 --verbose --destport 80 --ack ip_or_hostname
hping3 --flood --destport 80 --syn ip_or_hostname