lsof

Lists open files and the corresponding processes. Note: Root privileges (or sudo) is required to list files opened by others. More information: https://manned.org/lsof.

• Find the processes that have a given file open:

lsof path/to/file

• Find the process that opened a local internet port:

lsof -i :port

• Only output the process ID (PID):

lsof -t path/to/file

• List files opened by the given user:

lsof -u username

• List files opened by the given command or process:

lsof -c process_or_command_name

• List files opened by a specific process, given its PID:

lsof -p PID

• List open files in a directory:

lsof +D path/to/directory

• Find the process that is listening on a local IPv6 TCP port and don’t convert network or port numbers:

lsof -i6TCP:port -sTCP:LISTEN -n -P