e2fsck

Check a Linux ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem. The partition should be unmounted. More information: https://manned.org/e2fsck.

• Check filesystem, reporting any damaged blocks:

sudo e2fsck /dev/sdXN

• Check filesystem and automatically repair any damaged blocks:

sudo e2fsck -p /dev/sdXN

• Check filesystem in read only mode:

sudo e2fsck -c /dev/sdXN

• Perform an exhaustive, non-destructive read-write test for bad blocks and blacklist them:

sudo e2fsck -fccky /dev/sdXN