systemd-analyze

Analyze and debug system manager. Show timing details about the boot process of units (services, mount points, devices, sockets). More information: https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd-analyze.html.

• List all running units, ordered by the time they took to initialize:

systemd-analyze blame

• Print a tree of the time-critical chain of units:

systemd-analyze critical-chain

• Create an SVG file showing when each system service started, highlighting the time that they spent on initialization:

systemd-analyze plot > path/to/file.svg

• Plot a dependency graph and convert it to an SVG file:

systemd-analyze dot | dot -Tsvg > path/to/file.svg

• Show security scores of running units:

systemd-analyze security